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We continue to look at 20 broad industry categories and the laboratories associated with them. For each you'll find a brief description with common services and how the lab type affects the average person. As discussed previously, using our client type + function model we dig into examples found in the private, government, and academic sectors and then outline function through activities, sciences, test types, equipment, and unique attributes.
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<div align="center">-----Return to [[LII:The Laboratories of Our Lives: Labs, Labs Everywhere!|the beginning]] of this guide-----</div>
==Sandbox begins below==
__TOC__
<div class="nonumtoc">__TOC__</div>


==5. Labs by industry: Part 3==
<!--{{LIMS Selection Guide for Manufacturing Quality Control/Resources for selecting and implementing informatics solutions/LIMS vendors}}//-->
===Geology and mining===
==4. Resources for selecting and implementing informatics solutions==
[[File:Mining near the city of Tomsk in Russia.jpg|left|400px]]
{{clear}}
Geology and mining [[Laboratory|laboratories]] are responsible for analyzing rocks, minerals, and metals; monitoring and reporting on the status of mining operation effects on the environment; and teaching and promoting research of geological and mining science and engineering concepts. These labs are involved at most stages of geological and mining operations, from exploration and production to remediation. These labs are found in the private, government, and academic sectors and provide many different services, including (but not limited to)<ref name="RajasthanTesting">{{cite web |url=http://www.dmg-raj.org/docs/Vol%2024(4).doc |title=Testing Facilities Available at Mines & Geology Department Laboratory |work=Department of Mines & Geology |publisher=Government of Rajasthan |accessdate=03 June 2017}}{{Dead link}}</ref><ref name="AGATMetals">{{cite web |url=https://agatlabs.com/minerals/ |title=Minerals and Metals - Overview |publisher=AGAT Laboratories Ltd |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="MichTechGeo">{{cite web |url=https://www.mtu.edu/geo/labs/equipment/ |title=Labs and Equipment |publisher=Michigan Tech |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>:


* chemical analysis
The LIMS vendors and consultants lists are directly pulled from LIMSwiki's maintained tabular listings of these types of entities. The professional section addresses trade organizations, conferences, and more. The last section introduces LIMSpec, which will be addressed further in this guide.
* physical testing
* earth magnetism measurement
* petrological imaging
* soil suitability and fertility
* environmental analysis and remediation
* drill core analysis
* purity testing


''How do geology and mining laboratories intersect the average person's life on a daily basis?''


Tracking down how these labs intersect our lives is, comparatively, a bit more difficult than the industries we've looked at previously. From an environmental standpoint, when regulated, contamination testing is important to the ecosystems in and around a mining site. The oxidation of sulfide minerals and the corresponding acidification of the environment is well known in the mining community, requiring tested and standardized methods to limit the effects.<ref name="AGICanWe">{{cite web |url=https://www.americangeosciences.org/critical-issues/faq/can-we-mitigate-environmental-impacts-mining |title=Can we mitigate environmental impacts from mining? |publisher=American Geosciences Institute |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> Secondarily, research coming out of geology and mining labs is helping to make current and future mining activities safer for humans and guiding the implementation of early-warning systems for earthquakes.<ref name="USGSEarthquake">{{cite web |url=https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/science/early-warning |title=Early Warning |work=Earthquake Hazards Program |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> Without these laboratories in place, there's a higher likelihood humans and animals alike would face a higher risk of poisoning or death.
===4.1 LIMS vendors===
NOTE: This listing represents all known active LIMS vendors. For a categorized listing of LIMS vendors who publicly indicate they serve a particular manufacturing-related industry, see the categorization of [[:Category:LIMS vendors by industry|LIMS vendors by industry]].


====Client types====


'''Private''' - These labs focus on providing third-party analysis and consultation services to industry and government, including explorations services, environmental chemistry, and purity testing.
{{All active LIMS vendors}}


Examples include:


* [https://agatlabs.com/minerals/ AGAT Laboratories]
<!--{{LIMS Selection Guide for Manufacturing Quality Control/Resources for selecting and implementing informatics solutions/Consultants}}//-->
* [https://www.huffmanlabs.com/?page_id=154 Huffman Hazen Laboratories]
===4.2 Consultants===
* [https://www.intertek.com/minerals/mine-site-laboratories/ Intertek Group PLC]


'''Government''' - Many governments around the world have geology and mining departments, divisions, etc. responsible for contamination testing, water quality monitoring, and applied research. They also occasionally offer their services to outside parties and agencies.
{{LIMS, LIS, and laboratory}}


Examples include:


* [https://dmg.kerala.gov.in/?option=com_content&view=article&id=87&Itemid=72 Government of Kerala, Department of Mining and Geology Chemical Laboratory]
<!--{{LIMS Selection Guide for Manufacturing Quality Control/Resources for selecting and implementing informatics solutions/Professional}}//-->
* [https://www.ggmc.gov.gy/services/all/chemical-laboratory Guyana Geology and Mines Chemical Laboratory]
===4.3 Professional===
* [https://jis.gov.jm/government/agencies/mines-and-geology-division/ Jamaica's Mines and Geology Division]
====4.3.1 Trade organizations====
* https://www.iqsdirectory.com/associations/manufacturing-associations.html
* https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/resources-industry-cosmetics/cosmetic-trade-and-professional-associations
* [https://www.themanufacturinginstitute.org/ Manufacturing Institute (MI)]
* [https://www.nam.org/ National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)]
* [https://phrma.org/ Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)]


'''Academic''' - Like other industries, academic labs in geology and mining programs contribute diverse research programs to society while teaching the next generation of geologists, engineers, and miners.
====4.3.2 Conferences and trade shows====


Examples include:


* [https://geology.mines.edu/Laboratories/ Colorado School of Mines' Geology and Geological Engineering Laboratories]
* [https://www.mtu.edu/geo/labs/equipment/ Michigan Tech's Geological Engineering Laboratories]
* [https://engineering.und.edu/academics/geology-and-geological/ University of North Dakota's Harold Hamm School of Geology and Geological Engineering]


====Functions====
<!--{{LIMS Selection Guide for Manufacturing Quality Control/Resources for selecting and implementing informatics solutions/LIMSpec}}//-->
===4.4 LIMSpec===
[[File:LIMSpec.png|right]][[Book:LIMSpec 2022 R2|LIMSpec]] is an ever-evolving set of software user requirements specifications for laboratory informatics systems. The specification has grown significantly from its humble origins over a decade ago. Earlier versions of LIMSpec focused on a mix of both regulatory requirements and clients' "wishlist" features for a given system. The wishlist items haven't necessarily been ignored by developers, but they do in fact have to be prioritized by the potential buyer as "nice to have" or "essential to system operation," or something in between.<ref name="AasemAnalysis10">{{cite journal |title=Analysis and optimization of software requirements prioritization techniques |author=Aasem, M.; Ramzan, M.; Jaffar, A. |journal=Proceedings from the 2010 International Conference on Information and Emerging Technologies |pages=1–6 |year=2010 |doi=10.1109/ICIET.2010.5625687}}</ref><ref name="Hirsch10Steps13">{{cite web |url=https://www.phase2technology.com/blog/successful-requirements-gathering |title=10 Steps To Successful Requirements Gathering |author=Hirsch, J. |publisher=Phase2 Technology, LLC |date=22 November 2013 |accessdate=07 December 2022}}</ref><ref name="BurrissSoftware07">{{cite web |url=http://sce2.umkc.edu/BIT/burrise/pl/requirements/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724173601/http://sce2.umkc.edu/BIT/burrise/pl/requirements/ |title=Requirements Specification |work=CS451R, University of Missouri–Kansas City |author=Burris, E. |publisher=University of Missouri–Kansas City |date=2007 |archivedate=24 July 2019 |accessdate=07 December 2022}}</ref> This latest version is different, focusing strictly on a regulatory-, standards-, and guidance-based approach to building a specification document for laboratory informatics systems.


''What are the most common functions?''  analytical, QA/QC, research/design, and teaching
At its core, LIMSpec is rooted in [[ASTM E1578|ASTM E1578-18]] ''Standard Guide for Laboratory Informatics''. With the latest version released in 2018, the standard includes an updated Laboratory Informatics Functional Requirements checklist, which "covers functionality common to the various laboratory informatics systems discussed throughout [the] guide as well as requirements recommended as part of [the] guide." It goes on to state that the checklist "is an example of typical requirements that can be used to guide the purchase, upgrade, or development of a laboratory informatics system," though it is certainly "not meant to be exhaustive."


''What materials, technologies, and/or aspects are being analyzed, researched, and quality controlled?'' alloys, base and minor metals, minerals, precious metals, sediment, soil, water
LIMSpec borrows from that requirements checklist and then adds more to it from a wide variety of sources. An attempt has been made to find the most relevant regulations, standards, and guidance that shape how a compliant laboratory informatics system is developed and maintained. However, the LIMSpec should also definitely be considered a continual work in progress, with more to be added as new pertinent regulations, standards, and guidance are discovered.


''What sciences are being applied in these labs?'' chemistry, environmental science, geology, geotechnical engineering, metallurgy, mineralogy, mining engineering, petrology, seismology
If you've never worked with a user requirements specification document, the concept remains relatively simple to grasp. Merriam-Webster defines a "specification" as "a detailed precise presentation of something or of a plan or proposal for something."<ref name="MWSpec">{{cite web |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/specification |title=specification |work=Merriam-Webster |publisher=Merriam-Webster, Inc |accessdate=07 December 2022}}</ref> Within this organized "plan or proposal" are requirements. A requirement typically comes in the form of a statement that begins with "the system/user/vendor shall/should ..." and focuses on a provided service, reaction to input, or expected behavior in a given situation. The statement may be abstract (high-level), or it may be specific and detailed to a precise function. The statement may also be of a functional nature, describing functionality or services in detail, or of a non-functional nature, describing the constraints of a given functionality or service and how it's rendered.


''What are some examples of test types and equipment?''
An example of a functional software requirement could be "the user shall be able to query either all of the initial set of databases or select a subset from it." This statement describes specific functionality the system should have. On the other hand, a non-functional requirement, for example, may state "the system's query tool shall conform to the ABC 123-2014 standard." The statement describes a constraint placed upon the system's query functionality. Once compiled, a set of requirements can serve not only to strengthen the software requirements specification, but the requirements set can also be used for bidding on a contract or serve as the basis for a specific contract that is being finalized.<ref name="MemonSoftware10">{{cite web |url=https://www.cs.umd.edu/~atif/Teaching/Spring2010/Slides/3.pdf |format=PDF |title=Software Requirements: Descriptions and specifications of a system |author=Memon, A. |publisher=University of Maryland |date=Spring 2010 |accessdate=07 December 2022}}</ref>


'''Common test types include''':
The next chapter discusses the user requirements specification, using LIMSpec as an example. You'll learn how to shape such a specification to your laboratory's needs, how to issue the specification as a request for information (RFI), and how to get the most out of it when getting decision-related information from vendors. Additionally, in Appendix 1, you'll find a blank version of LIMSpec for practical use.
 
Absorption, Age determination, Angle of repose, Atterberg limits, Bioaccumulation, Carbon-hydrogen ratio, Characterization, Compression, Compaction, Consolidation, Density, Durability, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Grain and particle size, Grindability, Hydraulic conductivity, Identification, Inclusion, Isotope analysis, Macroetch, Metallurgical analysis, Mobility, Moisture, Nuclear density, Organic carbon, Oxidation reduction potential, Passivation, Permeability, pH, Proficiency, Radioactivity, Radiochemical, Refractive index, Seismic, Shear, Stability, Stress corrosion cracking, Ultraviolet
 
'''Industry-related lab equipment may include''':
 
autoclave, balance, calorimeter, chromatographic, compressive strength tester, furnace, jaw crusher, magnetic separator, microscope, mill (various), pH meter, photoelectric flame photometer, reflectance/gloss meter, roll crusher, sieve shaker, spectrophotometer, titrator, thermogravimetric analyzer, viscometer
 
''What else, if anything, is unique about the labs in the clinical research industry?''
 
While many geology laboratories are indoors, outdoor labs—i.e., field studies—are an important part of the industry. Those that are indoors tend to stand out: take for instance the approximately 20 luminescence geological dating laboratories in the U.S., responsible for dating geological substances.<ref name="USGSOtherUSLabs">{{cite web |url=https://gec.cr.usgs.gov/projects/lumlab/other_labs.shtml |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123152325/https://gec.cr.usgs.gov/projects/lumlab/other_labs.shtml |title=For Prospective Users: Other U.S. Laboratories for Luminescence Dating |work=Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |date=26 March 2015 |archivedate=23 January 2017 |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> Also note there is often industry crossover with the petrochemical industry, which depends on sound geological science for much of its operations.
 
====Informatics in the geology and mining industry====
The most obvious place where informatics intersects geology and mining operations can be seen in the geographic information system (GIS), a data management tool for capturing, storing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial or geographic data. While used in other industries such as power and utility, agriculture, and logistics, the GIS serves as a valuable tool for mineral exploration, production scheduling, and mine remediation. Informatics methods are being applied to mines in other ways as well, including using remote-operated drone data to map and characterize voids in underground mines.<ref name="OVE011Mine16">{{cite web |url=https://research.csiro.au/robotics/mine-informatics/ |title=Mine Informatics |author=OVE011 |work=Robotics and Autonomous Systems Group at CSIRO |publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |date=12 July 2016 |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> Companies like Thermo Fisher offer [[laboratory information management system]]s (LIMS) to the industry, allowing their associated laboratories to more efficiently analyze mineral, water, and other samples in an automated or on-demand fashion.<ref name="ThermoLIMSMining">{{cite web |url=https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/digital-solutions/lab-informatics/lims-metal-mining-industry.html |title=Mining and Metals LIMS |publisher=Thermo Fisher Scientific |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> And international conferences such as the International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM bring together researchers and practitioners to discuss many aspects of the industry, including applications of informatics such as data modeling, remote sensing, database development, and geo-visualization of temporal data.<ref name="SGEMInformatics17">{{cite web |url=https://www.sgem.org/index.php/conference-topics/informatics-geoinformatics-and-remote-sensing |title=Informatics, Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing |work=22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2022 |publisher=SGEM World Science |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>
 
====LIMSwiki resources====
 
* [[Geoinformatics]]
 
====Further reading====
 
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n7i2ywEACAAJ&printsec=frontcover |title=Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology |editor=Cronin, V.S.;  |publisher=Pearson Education, Inc |year=2020 |pages=480 |isbn=9780135836972}}
 
 
<div align="center"><hr width="50%"></div>
 
===Law enforcement and forensics===
[[File:Day 253 - West Midlands Police - Forensic Science Lab (7969822920).jpg|left|400px]]
{{clear}}
The [[Forensic science|forensic]] laboratory is responsible for aiding in crime investigations, helping investigators identify remains, place an alleged killer at a particular crime scene, or identify and characterize crime scene evidence. They also serve as training grounds for future forensic scientists. Less occasionally, forensic laboratories operate as private, third-party contract labs that work with government investigators or private industry to analyze DNA, fire debris, paint, etc. These labs provide many different services, including (but not limited to)<ref name="FBILabServ">{{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/services/laboratory |title=Laboratory Services |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="ArmstrongServ">{{cite web |url=https://www.aflab.com/services/ |title=Forensic Services |publisher=Armstrong Forensic Laboratory, Inc |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="LSUFACESServ">{{cite web |url=https://lsu.edu/faceslab/ |title=LSU Faces Laboratory |publisher=Louisiana State University |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>:
 
* DNA analysis
* fire debris analysis
* metallurgical analysis
* firearms and ballistics analysis
* vehicle fluid analysis
* trauma analysis
* skeletal identification
* body fluid identification
* evidence screening
* facial reconstruction
* audio/image enhancement
* carbon dating of remains
 
''How do law enforcement and forensic laboratories intersect the average person's life on a daily basis?''
 
Your average person won't feel much impact from a forensic lab, at least in a direct sense. Indirectly, forensic labs help capture criminals, which in theory reduces the chances of a criminal running free to cross paths with you. Should you find yourself in the unfortunate situation of requiring the services of a forensic laboratory (whether to help solve a crime that has impacted you or help clear you of wrongdoing), you'll feel the impact more succinctly; this lab depends on tried and true techniques employed by knowledgeable laboratorians to solve crimes and give some measure of peace to those negatively affected by them. Without these labs, we'd arguably have more criminals get away with their crimes, leaving more cases unsolved.
====Client types====
 
'''Private''' - These labs are less common than government and academic labs, but where they do exist, they tend to take on contract analysis and consultation work for a variety of clients.
 
Examples include:
 
* [https://www.aflab.com/ Armstrong Forensic Laboratory]
* [https://www.bodetech.com/ Bode Technology]
* [https://www.signaturescience.com/what-we-do/forensic-dna/ Signature Science]
 
'''Government''' - Government forensic labs make up a significant chunk of the bunch, whether at the federal, state, or local level.
 
Examples include:
 
* [https://www.atf.gov/laboratories U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Laboratory Services Division]
* [https://www.fbi.gov/services/laboratory U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory]
* [https://www.secretservice.gov/investigation U.S. Secret Service Forensic Laboratory]
 
'''Academic''' - Academic forensic labs may be used by undergraduate students, but they are largely reserved for graduate level training of students. Some university forensic labs may also provide their facilities and services to government agencies and coroner's offices.
 
Examples include:
 
* [https://www.lsu.edu/faceslab/ Louisiana State University's FACES Laboratory]
* [https://polytechnic.purdue.edu/facilities/cybersecurity-forensics-lab Purdue Polytechnic Cyber Forensics Lab]
* [https://vgl.ucdavis.edu/forensics University of California - Davis' Veterinary Genetics Laboratory Forensic Unit]
 
====Functions====
 
''What are the most common functions?'' analytical, research/design, and teaching
 
''What aspects and/or technologies are being analyzed, researched, and quality controlled?'' biological specimens, bullets and casings, computers, evidence, explosive devices, fingerprints, firearms, ink, insects, pollen and spores, remains
 
''What sciences are being applied in these labs?'' biology, chemistry, cryptography, digital forensics, entomology, forensic anthropology, forensic engineering, forensic imaging, forensic odontology, medical science, molecular biology, physics, psychology, toxicology, veterinary forensics
 
''What are some examples of test types and equipment?''
 
'''Common test types include''':
 
Age determination, Amino acid analysis, Biomolecular, Counterfeit detection, Cross-drive, DNA profiling, Failure, File carving, Fire debris, Forensic toxicology, Gunshot residue, Isotope analysis, Proficiency, Solubility
 
'''Industry-related lab equipment may include''':
 
balance, binocular microscope, blood analyzer, burette, centrifuge, chemical storage cabinet, chromatographic, compound microscope, confocal microscope, cryostat, elecrophoresis equipment, evaporator, evidence drying cabinet, extractor, fingerprint development chamber, fluorescent plate reader, freezers and refrigerators, FTIR microscope, fume hood, fuming chamber, graphite furnace, hyperspectral imaging system, microplate handler, microscope, microtome, PCR system, refractometer, spectrometer, spectrophotometer, stereo microscope, viscometer
 
''What else, if anything, is unique about the labs in the law enforcement and forensics industry?''
 
Forensic science is significantly cross-discipline in nature, with anthropology, biology, chemistry, cryptography, entomology, medical science, toxicology, and a host of other disciplines getting involved with the analysis and characterization of a wide variety of evidence types. As such, gaps may exist in knowledge and know-how in some areas of analysis, requiring the recruitment of outside help for more esoteric analyses.<ref name="NRCStrength09">{{cite book |title=Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward |author=National Research Council |publisher=National Academies Press |year=2009 |pages=348 |doi=10.17226/12589 |url=https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12589/strengthening-forensic-science-in-the-united-states-a-path-forward}}</ref>
 
====Informatics in the law enforcement and forensics industry====
A 2014 paper in the ''Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences'' highlighted "both the organizational challenges and the information system architecture" of forensic informatics software implemented in Queensland, "which established workflows tailored to the timely production of forensic intelligence to reduce, disrupt and prevent crime."<ref name="O'MalleyForensic14">{{cite journal |title=Forensic informatics enabling forensic intelligence |journal=Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences |author=O'Malley, T. |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=27–35 |year=2014 |doi=10.1080/00450618.2014.922618}}</ref> Indeed, that goal is similar to forensic laboratories around the world: how can data management systems and other informatics technology improve forensic intelligence? Informatics can support forensic pathology and death investigations, which often involve a significant amount of textual and image data associated with both autopsy and scene of death.<ref name="LevyTheNeed15">{{cite journal |title=The need for informatics to support forensic pathology and death investigation |journal=Journal of Pathology Informatics |author=Levy, B. |volume=6 |pages=32 |year=2015 |doi=10.4103/2153-3539.158907}}</ref> Additionally, informatics can better guide investigations into computer and network forensics, including data recovery, intrusion detection and analysis, and computer fraud.<ref name="USC_CNF15">{{cite web |url=https://datascience.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/inf528.pdf |format=PDF |title=Computer and Network Forensics - INF 528 (3 Units) |publisher=USC Viterbi School of Engineering |date=2015 |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>
 
Offshoots of informatics application to forensic science also occur, as can be seen in the IEEE Intelligence and Security Informatics conference, which discusses the intersections of informatics, IT, medical and bioinformatics, forensic science, and many other fields with the goal of governments' "anticipation, prevention, preparedness and response to security events, in physical, cyber, enterprise, and societal spaces."<ref name="IEEEISI17">{{cite web |url=http://www.isi-conf.org/ |title=IEEE ISI 2017 |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>
 
====LIMSwiki resources====
 
* [[Forensic science]]
 
====Further reading====
 
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jlAXBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover |title=Forensic Science and the Administration of Justice: Critical Issues and Directions |author=Strom, K.J.; Hickman, M.J. |publisher=SAGE Publications |year=2014 |pages=312 |isbn=9781483324401 |doi=10.4135/9781483368740}}
 
 
<div align="center"><hr width="50%"></div>
 
===Life sciences and biotechnology===
[[File:PAPRs in use 01.jpg|left|400px]]
{{clear}}
[[Life sciences industry|Life sciences]] is a broad category of scientific disciplines associated with the study of living organisms. Studies at the molecular level, as well as the use of living systems and organisms to make products for human purposes (biotechnology), have expanded the concept of life sciences even further. Biological and health sciences are at the heart of life science and biotechnology laboratories, with a broad array of branches/disciplines falling under the umbrella. From the plant experiments and analyses at Space Florida's Space Life Sciences Lab<ref name="SFSLSL">{{cite web |url=https://www.spaceflorida.gov/facilities/ |title=Space Life Sciences Lab |publisher=Space Florida |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> to the neurological and brain studies at the Neuroinformatics and Brain Connectivity Lab at Florida International University<ref name="FIUNBCL">{{cite web |urlhttps://nbclab.github.io/ |title=Neuroinformatics and Brain Connectivity Lab |author=Florida International University |publisher=GitHub |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>, just about anything to do with living organisms and their components is being analyzed, researched, and synthesized in a life science and biotechnology lab. These laboratories are often research-focused, intent on making discoveries to improve plant, animal, and human life. These labs are found in the private, government, and academic sectors and provide many different services, including (but not limited to):
 
* researching neuropsychiatric disorders<ref name="SFSLSL" />
* researching plant stress tolerances<ref name="FIUNBCL" />
* molecular imaging<ref name="WillardGenomic08">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5RBXqL7x-bcC&printsec=frontcover |title=Genomic and Personalized Medicine |editor=Willard, H.F.; Ginsburg, G.S. |publisher=Academic Press |year=2008 |pages=1558 |isbn=9780080919034}}</ref>
* gene targeting<ref name="WillardGenomic08" />
* gene base sequence analysis<ref name="WillardGenomic08" />
* antibody analysis<ref name="WillardGenomic08" />
* protein and peptide analysis<ref name="WillardGenomic08" />
* DNA sequencing and fragment analysis<ref name="WillardGenomic08" />
* biomarker discovery and validation<ref name="WillardGenomic08" />
 
''How do life sciences and biotechnology laboratories intersect the average person's life on a daily basis?''
 
Have you received treatment for cancer? A life science lab was behind the development and/or improvement of that therapy. Have you ever eaten a soybean? The plant that grew it was likely improved in some way by the research at life science lab. From the new medicine you take for your medical condition to the new advances in genetics that allow you to detect disease earlier, don't forget your life has most likely been touched by a life science and biotechnology lab in some way.
 
====Client types====
 
'''Private''' - Some private labs in the life sciences are foundations or institutes, others are companies.
 
Examples include:
 
* [https://macrogen.com/en/rnd/institute/bioinformatics Macrogen Bioinformatics Institute]
* [https://neogenomics.com/ NeoGenomics Laboratories]
* [https://www.jax.org/about-us The Jackson Laboratory]
 
'''Government''' - Government-based life science labs are often part of a branch, agency, etc. and have focused goals either as part of the branch/agency or as mandated research from higher up in the government.
 
Examples include:
 
* [https://www.ils.res.in/ India Institute of Life Sciences]
* [https://www.spaceflorida.gov/facilities/ Space Florida, Space Life Sciences Lab]
* [https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/buildings-and-facilities/white-oak-campus-information U.S. Food and Drug Administration, White Oak Campus's life science laboratories]
 
'''Academic''' - These labs are typically graduate-level and act as hotbeds for researchers of all types.
 
Examples include:
 
* [https://nbclab.github.io/ Florida International University's Neuroinformatics and Brain Connectivity Laboratory]
* [https://cafnrfaculty.missouri.edu/nguyenlab/ University of Missouri's Molecular Genetics and Soybean Genomics Laboratory]
* [https://crl.berkeley.edu/ University of California - Berkeley's Cancer Research Laboratory]
 
====Functions====
 
''What are the most common functions?'' analytical, QA/QC, research/design, and teaching
 
''What materials, technologies, and/or aspects are being analyzed, researched, and quality controlled?'' biological specimens, cancers, DNA, genes, organs and systems, plant materials, proteins
 
''What sciences are being applied in these labs?'' anatomy, bioinformatics, biology, botany, cardiology, genetics, genomics, hematology, kinesiology, medical imaging, microbiology, molecular biology, nephrology, neurology, oncology, pathology, physiology, proteomics, pulmonology, toxicology, and many more
 
''What are some examples of test types and equipment?''
 
'''Common test types include''':
 
Absorption, Adhesion, Age determination, Aging, Amino acid analysis, Antimicrobial, Antigen, Biomolecular, C- and N-terminal, Carcinogenicity, Circular dichroism, Colorimetric, Compression, Cytology, De novo protein, Degradation, Detection, Developmental and reproductive toxicology, Dietary exposure, Disulfide bridge, DNA hybridization, Electrophoresis, Genotype, Identification, Isotope analysis, Macro- and microstructure, Microfluidics, Minimum bactericidal concentration, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Molecular weight, Pathogenicity, Peptide mapping, Post-translational modification, Proficiency, Protein analysis, Protein characterization, Terrestrial toxicology
 
'''Industry-related lab equipment may include''':
 
balance, bioreactor, biosafety cabinet, cell counter, centrifuge, DNA sequencer, dry bath, electrophoresis equipment, Erlenmeyer flask, flow cytometer, freezer, fume hood, gel documentation system, immunoassay system, incubator, laminar flow cabinet, microplate equipment, mixer/shaker, molecular imager, osmometer, PCR workstation, pipettor, protein sequencer, reagents, spectrometer, spectrophotometer, thermal cycler
 
''What else, if anything, is unique about the labs in the life sciences and biotechnology industry?''
 
Many laboratories in the life sciences and biotechnology sector are funded by significant external investments, grants, and initial public offerings (IPOs). For example, the National Institutes of Health awarded 7,328 grants worth a total of $3.3 billion to California life science labs in 2014.<ref name="CLSACalif16">{{cite web |url=http://califesciences.org/member-resources/industry-intelligence/2016report/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608124846/http://califesciences.org/member-resources/industry-intelligence/2016report/ |title=California Life Sciences Industry 2016 Report |author=California Life Sciences Association |date=2016 |archivedate=08 June 2017 |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> Others turn to private charitable foundations or even biotech and pharmaceutical companies to help fund research efforts.<ref name="GrantFollow15">{{cite web |url=http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/42799/title/Follow-the-Funding/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522055951/http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/42799/title/Follow-the-Funding/ |title=Follow the Funding |author=Grant, B. |work=The Scientist |publisher=LabX Media Group |date=01 May 2015 |archivedate=22 May 2015 |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>
 
====Informatics in the life sciences and biotechnology industry====
Referred to as [[bioinformatics]] or life science informatics, the application of [[information management]] and other software systems to the life sciences has become increasingly necessary as data-intensive automated instruments and methods drive today's lab research and experimentation. Tools that can analyze cells, molecules, and even atoms are helping researchers solve challenges of disease diagnosis and therapy production, giving patients better quality of life as a result. Informatics software helps integrate these various instruments and drive new discoveries through the mining, analysis, visualization, and simulation of the disparate data. Journals such as ''Bioinformatics'', ''Cancer Informatics'', and ''Frontiers in Neuroinformatics'', as well as conferences such as the Rocky Mountain Bioinformatics Conference<ref name="ISCBRocky">{{cite web |url=https://www.iscb.org/rocky2022 |title=Rocky Mountain Bioinformatics Conference 2022 |publisher=International Society for Computational Biology |date=2022 |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> and the IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine<ref name="IEEE_BIBM">{{cite web |url=http://ieeebibm.org/ |title=IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) |publisher=BIBM Steering Committee |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>, help drive further innovation in how informatics can benefit the life sciences. Examples of life science laboratory advancements include the development of computer algorithms to answer biological questions, the improvement of [[next-generation sequencing]] (NGS) data management, and the development of tools to help us better understand the [[epidemiology]] of complex diseases.<ref name="UofH_LSI">{{cite web |url=https://www.helsinki.fi/en/degree-programmes/life-science-informatics-masters-programme/studying |title=Life Science Informatics - Studying |publisher=University of Helsinki |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>
 
====LIMSwiki resources====
 
'''Life sciences'''
* [[Biodiversity informatics]]
* [[Cancer informatics]]
* [[Genome informatics]]
* [[Genomics]]
* [[Life sciences industry]]
* [[Life sciences life cycle]]
* [[Neuroinformatics]]
 
'''Bioinformatics'''
* [[Bioinformatics]]
* [[Bioimage informatics]]
* [[Biotechnology]]
* [[Molecular informatics]]
 
====Further reading====
 
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IqLAAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover |title=Laboratory Protocols in Applied Life Sciences |author=Bisen, P.S. |publisher=CRC Press |year=2014 |pages=1826 |isbn=9781466553149}}
 
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fJ17zgEACAAJ |title=Basic Laboratory Methods for Biotechnology: Textbook and Laboratory Reference |author=Seidman, L.A.; Moore, C.J.; Mowery, J. |publisher=CRC Press |year=2022 |pages=1210 |isbn=9780429282799}}
 
 
<div align="center"><hr width="50%"></div>
 
===Logistics===
[[File:GRUBER Logistics Nachläufer.jpg|left|340px]]
{{clear}}
Laboratories related to the logistics industry serve several different functions. Academic research laboratories are key to the analysis and development of transportation systems and safety, traffic models, geographic information systems, freight logistics systems, supply chains, and transit systems. Secondarily, private logistics labs may provide third-party analytical services on cargo to verify authenticity and assist in custody transfers. These labs are found in the private and academic sectors, and occasionally in government, providing many different services, including (but not limited to):
 
* analysis of cargo for custody transfer<ref name="CertispecLab">{{cite web |url=https://certispec.myshopify.com/products/laboratory-services |title=Laboratory Services |publisher=Certispec Services, Inc |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>
* analysis of cargo for dispute resolution<ref name="CertispecLab" />
* detection of radiation<ref name="SavannahAnal">{{cite web |url=https://srnl.doe.gov/facilities/analytical.htm |title=Our Facilities - Analytical Laboratories |work=Savannah River National Laboratory |publisher=SRNS Corporate Communications |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>
* detection of explosives and evaluation of detection tools<ref name="HS-TSL">{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/transportation-security-laboratory |title=Transportation Security Laboratory |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>
* development and improvement of material flow management components<ref name="HNULogiLab">{{cite web |url=https://www.hnu.de/en/research/institutes-and-competence-centres/institute-for-logistics-risk-and-resource-management-ilr/logistics-laboratory |title=HNU Logistics Laboratory |publisher=Neu-Ulm University of Applied Sciences |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="TTLOGLab">{{cite web |url=http://ttlog.civ.uth.gr/the-laboratory/ |title=The Laboratory |publisher=University of Thessaly, Department of Civil Engineering |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>
* development and improvement of transportation and routing policies<ref name="HNULogiLab" /><ref name="TTLOGLab" />
* modeling and analysis of traffic and driving behavior<ref name="HNULogiLab" /><ref name="TTLOGLab" />
* analysis of logistics data<ref name="HNULogiLab" /><ref name="TTLOGLab" />
 
''How do logistics laboratories intersect the average person's life on a daily basis?''
 
Research-based logistics labs produce laboratorians who, for example, may be knowledgeable in the ways of traffic flow and civil engineering. Those individuals may go on to learn more and provide contributions to the transportation department of a city, state, or even federal entity, finding ways to improve your daily commute to work. Those same laboratorians may also have background and experience with electric and self-driving vehicles, contributing their expertise to the growing infrastructure required to run self-driving vehicles effectively, again improving your commute. Secondarily, logistics laboratories may reduce the changes of dangerous materials such as malicious radioactive materials and explosive devices making their way into the country via port, which is beneficial to dock workers and end users of products.
 
====Client types====
 
'''Private''' - Private logistics labs tend to provide analytical testing services of cargo, facilitating custody transfers and providing expertise in legal disputes.
 
Examples include:
 
* [https://group.bureauveritas.com/markets-services/marine-offshore Bureau Veritas]
* [https://www.camincargo.com/agassi/laboratoryservices.aspx Camin Cargo Control]
* [https://certispec.myshopify.com/products/laboratory-services Cetispec Services]
 
'''Government''' - Governments occasionally engage in research into and investigation of logistics issues of a region or country.
 
Examples include:
 
* [https://srnl.doe.gov/ Savannah River National Laboratory]
* [https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/transportation-security-laboratory U.S. Department of Homeland Security Transportation Security Laboratory]
 
'''Academic''' - Universities provide laboratory resources to undergraduates and graduates keen to learn more about logistics issues and apply research to real-life problems.
 
Examples include:
 
* [https://www.labtrans.ufsc.br/en/ Federal University of Santa Catarina's LabTrans Transportation and Logistics Laboratory]
* [https://www.hnu.de/en/research/institutes-and-competence-centres/institute-for-logistics-risk-and-resource-management-ilr/logistics-laboratory Hochschule Neu-Ulm University of Applied Sciences' Logistics Laboratory]
* [https://ise.utk.edu/lab-center/logistics-transportation-and-supply-chain-engineering-lts-lab/ University of Tennessee - Knoxville's Logistics, Transportation, and Supply Chain Engineering Lab]
 
====Functions====
 
''What are the most common functions?'' analytical, QA/QC, research/design, and teaching
 
''What materials, technologies, and/or aspects are being analyzed, researched, and quality controlled?'' coal and coke, concentrates, fertilizers, food stuffs, land transportation, marine transportation, mass transit systems, petrochemicals, policy and governance, supply chains, traffic, user/driving behavior, vegetable oils, waste water
 
''What sciences are being applied in these labs?'' chemistry, data science, economics, engineering, logistics, management, mathematics, physics, process optimization, risk management, social science, statistics
 
''What are some examples of test types and equipment?''
 
'''Common test types include''':
 
Absorption, Accelerated stress testing, Cargo inspection and sampling, Climatics, Contamination, Corrosion, Counterfeit detection, Damage tolerance, Dimensional, Drop, Durability, Edge crush, Electromagnetic compatibility, Emissions, Flammability, Flash point, Freight flow, Immersion, Impact, Incline impact, Integrity, Last-mile distribution, Leak, Metallurgical analysis, Permeability, Phytosanitary, Proficiency, Radioactivity, Reliability, Safety, Shear, Shock, Stress corrosion cracking, Tear, Tensile, Thermal, Traffic modeling and analysis, Ultraviolet, Vibration, Weathering
 
'''Industry-related lab equipment may include''':
 
autoclave, balance, biohazard container, biosafety cabinet, centrifuge, chromatographic, colorimeter, computer workstations, desiccator, dry bath, fume hood, [[geographic information system]], homogenizer, hotplate, incubator, magnetic stirrer, microcentrifuge tube, microplate reader, microscope, multi-well plate, orbital shaker, personal protective equipment, pH meter, pipettor, powered air purifying respirators, refractometer, simulation software, spectrophotometer, statistics software, syringes, test tube and rack, thermometer, water bath
 
''What else, if anything, is unique about the labs in the clinical research industry?''
 
A majority of logistics laboratories are dry labs, meaning they're not analyzing "wet" biological samples, applying reagents, etc. Instead, they often heavily rely on software systems to conduct their research and educate new students. However, wet labs do exist in the logistics industry, usually for product and commodity testing of shipments—often petrochemicals—for custody transfer and dispute resolution.<ref name="CertispecLab" />
 
====Informatics in the logistics industry====
Though slightly dated at this point, an excerpt from the foreword to Luo's ''Service Science and Logistics Informatics'' seems relevant here<ref name="LuoService10">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2e7NmwoFGoC&lpg=PR1&pg=PR17#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Service Science and Logistics Informatics: Innovative Perspectives |author=Luo, Z. |publisher=IGI Global |year=2010 |page=xvii}}</ref>:
 
<blockquote>As [the] world economy gets increasingly integrated, logistics and supply chain management, through the use of advanced information and service technologies, become critically important. This requirement entails tight alignment of business strategy and judicious use of advanced information technologies. It also necessitates infrastructures for streamlining front-end and back-end management and business processes, and resolution of emerging global integration and interoperability issues.</blockquote>
 
In supply chain management, prompt reaction to short-term, often abrupt changes in supply networks is critical to the quality of service and sustainability of a logistics business. Informatics is being applied in the logistics lab to analyze these changes, integrate information from numerous sources, and provide valuable information towards favorably altering material flow and production. This can be done real-time, or theoretical work can be performed with simulation software.<ref name="RISCLogiInfo">{{cite web |url=https://www.risc-software.at/en/units/logistics-informatics/ |title=Logistics Informatics |publisher=RISC Software GmbH |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> In cargo testing, information management software such as Cargotrader's Cargotester.com<ref name="CargoHome">{{cite web |url=http://www.cargotester.com/about.html |title=About Cargotester.com |publisher=Cargotrader, Inc. |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> improve logistics labs' ability to improve compliance control and the analysis process itself. These improvements and others are further perpetuated by standards groups such as the IEEE SMC Technical Committee on Logistics Informatics and Industrial Security Systems<ref name="IEEESMC">{{cite web |url=https://www.ieeesmc.org/technical-activities/systems-science-and-engineering/logistics-informatics-and-industrial-security-systems |title=Logistics Informatics and Industrial Security Systems |work=IEEE SMC |publisher=IEEE |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> and the tangentially related International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences.<ref name="ICLISS">{{cite web |url=http://icir.bjtu.edu.cn/liss2022/ |title=12th International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS2022) |publisher=Beijing Jiatong University |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref>
 
====LIMSwiki resources====
 
* None
 
====Further reading====
 
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Ss_EAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover |title=Transportation Engineering: Theory, Practice and Modeling |editor=Teodorovic, D.; Janic, M. |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |edition=2nd |year=2022 |pages=1012 |isbn=9780323910415}}
 
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DyqCAAAQBAJ |title=The Impact of Virtual, Remote and Real Logistics Labs |series=Communications in Computer and Information Science |editor=Uckelmann, D.; Scholz-Reiter, B.; Rügge, I. et al. |publisher=Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg |volume=282 |year=2012 |pages=172 |isbn=9783642288166}}
 
 
<div align="center"><hr width="50%"></div>
 
===Manufacturing and R&D===
[[File:Hyundai car assembly line.jpg|left|400px]]
{{clear}}
A manufacturing and R&D laboratory is what it sounds like: a lab associated with the manufacturing process as well as the research and development (R&D) activities that come before it. These labs can be found as part of the company structure, inside a manufacturing facility or separate from one. They may also appear as independent, third-party businesses that contract their services and expertise out to manufacturers and inventors who don't have their own laboratory resources or design knowledge.
 
It's important to note that when looking at many of the other industry categories in this guide, prior and after, you should notice serious crossover with manufacturing and R&D. In fact, laboratories associated with the automotive, aerospace, and marine; food and beverage; and pharmaceutical industries are almost entirely affiliated with manufacturing and R&D activities. As such, you may notice some redundancy in the test types listed below and those listed in the previously mentioned industry sections. This section is focused on manufacturing and R&D in a more generic, all-encompassing way.
 
These labs are found heavily in the private sector. Some labs may also appear in the government as part of state-funded effort, and others show up in the academic departments of some universities as an extension of their graduate-level research programs. Manufacturing and R&D laboratories provide many different services, including (but not limited to)<ref name="DuesterbergUSMan03">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KrU4Bu8pw8AC&printsec=frontcover |title=U.S. Manufacturing: The Engine for Growth in a Global Economy |editor=Duesterberg, T.J.; Preeg, E.H. |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2003 |pages=249 |isbn=9780275980412}}</ref>:
 
* development of advanced materials for manufacturing
* reverse engineering of products
* miniaturization of products
* analysis of shelf life
* quality control testing
* biocompatibility testing
* comparison testing
* formulation of recipes
* characterization of materials
* review and evaluation of designs
* innovation of manufacturing processes
 
''How do manufacturing and R&D laboratories intersect the average person's life on a daily basis?''
 
Unless you live a life of simplicity, growing and making your own food and materials, free of the industrial world, you most likely have at least a vague notion your life is touched by manufacturing and R&D labs on a daily basis. The mobile phone you use, the vehicle you drive or ride in, the pre-packaged food you eat, and the pharmaceuticals you take largely exist because scientists in a laboratory—wet or dry—designed, tested, and quality controlled it. Without these labs, the industrial and technological world you know today would fall apart rapidly.
 
====Client types====
 
'''Private''' - Private manufacturing and R&D labs are a staple of the industry, putting people's ideas to work. From a company's internal labs to third-party contract labs, much of the research, development, and quality control activities in manufacturing runs through here.
 
Examples include:
 
* [https://www.covestro.com/en/innovation Covestro]
* [https://www.lddavis.com/lab-capabilities/ L. D. Davis]
* [https://www.solvay.com/en/innovation Solvay]
 
'''Government''' - While not super common, governments at times set up and/or fund laboratories that are dedicated to advancing the field of manufacturing through new and improved fabrication and engineering techniques.
 
Examples include:
 
* [https://www.anff-nsw.org/anff-nswunsw/epitaxial-growth-laboratory/ Australian National Fabrication Facility, NSW Node, Epitaxial Growth Laboratory]
* [https://engineering.llnl.gov/collaboration/advanced-manufacturing-lab Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Advanced Manufacturing Division]
* [https://www.ornl.gov/facility/mdf Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Manufacturing Demonstration Facility]
 
'''Academic''' - These laboratories are typically part of a graduate research program, training future engineers and laboratorians while spawning new ideas. As seen with the examples below, the focus on learning and researching manufacturing processes may specialize into specific industries such as food and beverage or nanotechnology.
 
Examples include:
 
* [https://cals.cornell.edu/food-science/outreach-extension/services/food-processing-and-development-laboratory Cornell University's Food Processing and Development Laboratory]
* [https://lmp.mit.edu/ Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity]
* [https://ceas.uc.edu/research/centers-labs/micro-and-nano-manufacturing-laboratory.html University of Cincinnati's Micro and Nano Manufacturing Laboratory]
 
====Functions====
 
''What are the most common functions?'' analytical, QA/QC, research/design, and teaching
 
''What materials, technologies, and/or aspects are being analyzed, researched, and quality controlled?'' The list is seemingly infinite, but a few examples include adhesives, battery electrolytes, ceramics, fiber composites, food preservatives, lubricants, metals, nutritional supplements, plant extracts, polymers, rocket engines, semiconductors, and valves.
 
''What sciences are being applied in these labs?'' Again, the list is long, and the type of science used will depend on what is being developed. The most obvious scientific disciplines include all types and variations of biology, biomechanics, chemistry, engineering, food science, materials science, mathematics, molecular science, nanoscience, and physics.
 
''What are some examples of test types and equipment?''
 
'''Common test types include''':
 
Absorption, Accelerated stress testing, Accelerated weathering, Acceleration, Acoustical, Acute contact, Acute oral, Acute toxicity, Adhesion, Aging, Alcohol level, Allergy, Altitude, Antimicrobial, Artificial pollution, Ash, Bioavailability, Bioburden, Biocompatibility, Biodegradation, Biomechanical, Biosafety, Boiling - freezing - melting point, Calorimetry, Carcinogenicity, Case depth, Characterization, Chemical and materials compatibility, Chronic toxicity, Cleanliness, Climatics, Combustion, Compaction, Comparative Tracking Index, Comparison, Compliance/Conformance, Composition, Compression, Conductivity, Contact mechanics, Contamination, Corrosion, Cytotoxicity, Damage tolerance, Deformulation, Degradation, Design review and evaluation, Design verification testing, Detection, Dielectric withstand, Dimensional, Discoloration, Disintegration, Dissolution, Dissolved gas, Drop, Dynamics, Edge crush, Efficacy, Efficiency, Electromagnetic compatibility, Electromagnetic interference, Electrostatic discharge, Elongation, Emissions, Endotoxin, Endurance, Environmental fate, Environmental metabolism, Environmental stress-cracking resistance, Ergonomics, Etching, Expiration dating, Extractables and leachables, Failure, Fatigue, Fault simulation, Flammability, Flash point, Flavor, Fluid dynamics, Fluorescence, Formulation, Fragrance, Friction, Functional testing, Genotoxicity, Grain and particle size, Hazard analysis, Heat resistance, Human factors, Hydraulic, Identification, Immersion, Impact, Impurity, Incident analysis, Incline impact, Inclusion, Inflatability, Ingredient, Ingress, Inhalation, Integrity, Irritation, Iterative, Labeling, Leak, Lightning, Load, Lot release, Lubricity, Macroetch, Macro- and microstructure, Mechanical, Mechanical durability, Metallurgical analysis, Microfluidics, Minimum bactericidal concentration, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Mobility, Moisture, Molecular weight, Mutagenicity, Nanoparticulate, Neurotoxicity, Nutritional, Optical, Oxidation reduction potential, Oxidation stability, Passivation, Pathogen, Penetration, Performance, Permeability, pH, Pharmacokinetic, Photometric, Photostability, Phototoxicity, Plant metabolism, Plating and coating evaluations, Polarimetry, Power quality, Preservative challenge, Pressure, Process safety, Proficiency, Purity, Pyrogenicity, Qualification, Quality control, Radioactivity, Radiochemical, Reflectance, Refractive index, Reliability, Resistance - capacitance - inductance, Safety, Sanitation, Saponification value, Seismic, Sensory, Shear, Shelf life, Shock, Smoke point, Solar, Stability, Sterility, Stress corrosion cracking, Subchronic toxicity, Surface topography, Tear, Tensile, Thermal, Torque, Total viable count, Ultraviolet, Usability, Validation, Velocity and flow, Verification, Vibration, Visibility, Viscosity, Voltage, Weathering, Water activity
 
'''Industry-related lab equipment may include''':
 
Like materials tested and sciences applied, the lab equipment of a manufacturing and R&D lab will vary based upon what is being designed, tested, and quality controlled. Food R&D is going to depend on a somewhat different set of laboratory tools than say a lab developing a jet engine, pharmaceutical, or mobile phone.
 
''What else, if anything, is unique about the labs in the manufacturing and R&D industry?''
 
When it comes to labs that are prevalent but behind the scenes, manufacturing and R&D laboratories stand out. It's easy to take for granted the products we use in our lives; most of the time they taste good, function as expected, or cause the desired effect. That's not to say that shoddy laboratory processes, equipment, and raw materials don't produce bad tasting, non-functional, poorly advertised products because they do; the lab is only part of the equation. But in our industrialized, technological world, we shouldn't forget just how ubiquitous these sorts of labs are. In U.S. colleges and universities alone, 211.8 million net assignable square feet of research space were set aside in 2013 for laboratories, panels, and test rooms to conduct research in all types of sciences, clinical and R&D.<ref name="NSBScience16">{{cite web |url=https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2016/nsb20161/#/report |title=Science & Engineering Indicators 2016 |author=National Science Board |publisher=National Science Foundation |volume=NSB-2016-1 |date=2016 |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> Now think about how many private businesses are doing the same thing? Put together, the National Science Board estimated that U.S. R&D activities totaled $456.1 billion in 2013.<ref name="NSBScience16" />
 
====Informatics in the manufacturing and R&D industry====
Energy optimization and modelling, waste optimization, and methodology improvement are all areas that informatics-friendly manufacturing and R&D labs are looking to improve.<ref name="UofGreenMI">{{cite web |url=http://enterprise.gre.ac.uk/gmg/research-capabilities/digital-design-and-manufacturing-informatics |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816183437/http://enterprise.gre.ac.uk/gmg/research-capabilities/digital-design-and-manufacturing-informatics |title=Manufacturing informatics |work=Greenwich Manufacturing Group |publisher=University of Greenwich |date=2013 |archivedate=16 August 2017 |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> Journals such as ''IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics''<ref name="IEEETransII">{{cite web |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=9424 |title=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics |publisher=IEEE |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> and conferences such as the International Conference on Industrial Informatics and Computer Systems<ref name="CIICS2017">{{cite web |url=https://waset.org/industrial-informatics-and-computer-systems-conference |title=International Conference on Industrial Informatics and Computer Systems |publisher=World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology |accessdate=29 June 2022}}</ref> help expand those and other goals for R&D labs.
 
Additional ways informatics is impacting labs and the industry:
 
* Additive manufacturing (AM)—the process of building up a component layer by layer with a powdered base material (which is relatively new itself)—is being improved through the application of informatics technologies towards the research, development, analysis, and improvement of AM components and tooling, driving down costs, improving part quality, and making processes more efficient.<ref name="MiesOverview16">{{cite journal |title=Overview of Additive Manufacturing Informatics: “A Digital Thread” |journal=Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation |author=Mies, D.; Marsden, W.; Warde, S. |volume=5 |pages=6 |year=2016 |doi=10.1186/s40192-016-0050-7}}</ref>
 
* "There is direct need of assessment tools to monitor and estimate environmental impact generated by different types of manufacturing processes," state Zhao ''et al.'' Though still in its infancy, some R&D labs are beginning to create associations between their product designs and how they impact the environment.<ref name="ZhaoAManuf13">{{cite book |chapter=A Manufacturing Informatics Framework for Manufacturing Sustainability Assessment |title=Overview of Additive Manufacturing Informatics: “A Digital Thread” |journal=Re-engineering Manufacturing for Sustainability |author=Zhao, Y.F.; Perry, N.; Andriankaja, H. |editor=Nee, A.; Song, B.; Ong, S.K. |pages=475–80 |year=2013 |doi=10.1007/978-981-4451-48-2_77 |isbn=9789814451482}}</ref>
 
====LIMSwiki resources====
 
* [[Biomedical engineering]]
* [[Clinical engineering]]
* [[Materials informatics]]
 
====Further reading====
 
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qIS4AMYTmgUC&printsec=frontcover |title=Good Clinical, Laboratory and Manufacturing Practices: Techniques for the QA Professional |chapter=Part 3: Good Manufacturing Practice |editor=Carson, P.A.; Deng, N.J. |publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry |pages=371–460 |year=2007 |isbn=9780854048342}}
 
 
<div align="center">-----Go to [[LII:The Laboratories of Our Lives: Labs, Labs Everywhere!/Labs by industry: Part 4|the next chapter]] of this guide-----</div>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==Citation information for this chapter==
'''Chapter''': 5. Labs by industry: Part 3
'''Title''': ''The Laboratories of Our Lives: Labs, Labs Everywhere!''
'''Edition''': Second edition
'''Author for citation''': Shawn E. Douglas
'''License for content''': [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International]
'''Publication date''': July 2022
<!--Place all category tags here-->

Latest revision as of 19:53, 22 March 2023

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4. Resources for selecting and implementing informatics solutions

The LIMS vendors and consultants lists are directly pulled from LIMSwiki's maintained tabular listings of these types of entities. The professional section addresses trade organizations, conferences, and more. The last section introduces LIMSpec, which will be addressed further in this guide.


4.1 LIMS vendors

NOTE: This listing represents all known active LIMS vendors. For a categorized listing of LIMS vendors who publicly indicate they serve a particular manufacturing-related industry, see the categorization of LIMS vendors by industry.


Vendor Key LIMS offering(s) SaaS
option? 		Headquarters
(Country) 		Key information Additional notes
10BioSystems, LLC LabCentral Yes United States
AAC Infotray AG Limsophy LIMS No Switzerland
ABB Ltd. Knowledge Manager Yes United States Sold CCLAS LIMS to Datamine Software Ltd. in August 2019.[1]
ABI-Health Technologies Pvt. Ltd. ABI LIMS No India LIMS is part of the SmartLabs platform.
ABS Systems, Inc. PHIMS No United States
Adifo NV BESTMIX LIMS No Belgium Former product Laboras now seems defunct.
Advanced Solutions Accelerator SAS 100 lims No France
Advanced Technical Software uniLIME No Austria Former product q/LIME seems no longer supported.
Advanced Technology Corp. VADDS, VETSTAR No United States
Agaram Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Qualis LIMS Yes India Demonstration videos
AgiLab SAS AgiLIMS Yes France
Agile Frameworks, LLC MetaField Yes United States Demonstration videos A field information management system for architecture,
engineering, and construction that contains a full LIMS module
AgileBio LabCollector Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos
Agilent Technologies, Inc. iLab Operations Software, SLIMS Yes United States Demonstration videos Agilent acquired the iLab core facility management software in 2016.[2]
Agilent acquired Genohm SA in May 2018.[3][4]
AHP GmbH iQ-LIMS No Germany
AINZ Corp. LabFlow Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos Cannabis-oriented LIMS; former product was PharmWare.
AiZen Algo Pvt. Ltd. LabZen No India
Alcor SPRL CI-Master, LabTec No Belgium
Alpha Technologies US, LP Enterprise No United States
Ambidata Digital Innovation Solutions & Consulting, Lda. LabWay-LIMS No Portugal
American Technical Services, Inc. MOX No United States "Laboratory workflow and [metrology] management system"
with LIMS module
Analytical Information Systems, Ltd. AIS LIMS No United Kingdom
Aquatic Informatics, Inc. AQUARIUS Yes Canada Demonstration videos Not marketed as a LIMS, but software suite has
extensive LIMS functionality.
ASM Soft SL asmLIMS No Spain
Assaynet Inc. Assaynet LIMS No Canada Demonstration videos Previous name for LIMS2010 was LIMS2003.
Asterian, LLC ArgoLIMS Yes United States See the LIS vendor page for QuikLIMS.
Asystance B.V. AlisQI LIMS Yes Netherlands Demonstration videos
ATGC Labs, LLC ActiveLIMS No United States
Aurora Systems, Inc. VisuaLab No United States
Autoscribe Informatics, Inc. Matrix Gemini, Matrix Express Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos North American distributor/support team was
Zumatrix, Inc. until it was absorbed into new
entity Autoscribe Informatics, Inc.[5]
BARTELT GmbH datalabX No Austria
Bassetti France SAS TEEXMA LIMS No France
Batalyse GmbH Mind No Germany Demonstration videos
Baytek International, Inc. cBLISS Yes United States Product line changed in summer 2017 with introduction of cBLISS.
Beijing Bio-LIMS Soft Co. Ltd. Bio-LIMS No China
Bentley Systems, Inc. KeyLAB No United States Pricing and demonstration videos Acquired Keynetix Ltd. and KeyLAB in 2019.[6]
BGASoft, Inc. LIMS ABC Yes United States
Bika Lab Systems (Pty) Ltd. Bika LIMS Yes South Africa Pricing Also available at SourceForge.net under GPL.
Bio-Analytical Technologies Pvt. Ltd. BioClinical No India
Bio-ITech BV eLABInventory, eLABJournal Yes The Netherlands Pricing and demonstration videos Neither is a true traditional LIMS; Inventory is a sample manager
and Journal is an ELN with the features of Inventory. However, both
have LIMS-like features.
BioData Inc. Labguru Yes United States Demonstration videos Labguru replaced LabLife and BioKM on December 5, 2011.[7]
Became an ELN+LIMS platform in late 2022.
BioFortis, Inc. Labmatrix No United States
BioInfoRx, Inc. mLIMS Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos Animal colony management LIMS
Biomatters Ltd. Geneious No New Zealand Pricing and demonstration videos
Biomed Systems Ltd. LABA Yes England Pricing and demonstration videos Biotechnology and biobanking LIMS
BioSilicium SASU bs-LIMS No France
Bit Wave Solutions Ltd. Labsols LIMS Yes United Kingdom
Blaze Systems Corporation BlazeLIMS Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos
Blomesystem GmbH LABbase No Germany readyLIMS appears to have been discontinued in 2019 or 2020.
Bode Cellmark Forensics, Inc. BodeLIMS No United States
Brooks Automation, Inc. FreezerPro, Limfinity Yes United States Pricingand demonstration videos Sample management solutions + LIMS
Broughton Software Ltd. LabHQ Yes United Kingdom Pricing and demonstration videos Was formerly SkySource Ltd.
Bruker Corporation SampleTrack No United States
BTLIMS Technologies BTLIMS, Lab Data Master No United States
Bureau Conseils et Services SCRL AQ Manager LIMS Yes Belgium Pricing and demonstration videos
Bytewize AB O3 LIMS, O3 LIMSXpress Yes Sweden Pricing and demonstration videos
Caliber Technologies Pvt. Ltd. CaliberLIMS Yes India
Cannabliss New England, LLC CannabLIS Yes United States Cannabis LIMS
Capstone Technology Corporation dataPARC No United States
Cerebrum Corporation LABdivus Yes United States
Cargotrader, Inc. Cargotester.com Yes United States
Carobar Business Solutions, LLC reLIMS Yes United States
CC Software, LLC Confident Cannabis LIMS No United States Demonstration videos
CellPort Software, LLC CellPort Cell Culture Suite Yes United States Demonstration videos
Clinical Systems Ltd. ClinAxys II No United Kingdom
CliniSys Group Limited Clinisys WinPath No United Kingdom Part of the Clinisys brand of companies.
Clinisys NV Clinisys GLIMS, GLIMS Genetics, and DaVinci No Belgium Was MIPS NV until September 2022.[8][9]
Part of the Clinisys brand of companies.
CliniSys, Inc. Clinisys ApolloLIMS and SQ Lab No United States Renamed from Sunquest Information Systems, Inc. on May 31, 2022.[10]
Part of the Clinisys brand of companies.
CloudLIMS.com, LLC CloudLIMS, FreeLIMS Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos
Clyde Computing Ltd. Q-SYS LIMS No United Kingdom
Codon Software Private Limited Codon LIMS No India
Columbia Energy & Environmental Services, Inc. OmniLIMS No United States
CompuDrug International, Inc. Laboratory Manager Plus No United States
Computing Solutions, Inc. LabSoft LIMS No United States
Comsense Datasystems of Australia ComLIMS No Australia
Condition Monitoring International, LLC LabTrak No United States
Contec Group International Ltd. MADCAP Yes New Zealand
Cosine Consultants Ltd. Fission LIMS No Cyprus
CSMS Sp. z o.o. CS-17 LIMS No Poland
Dassault Systèmes SA BIOVIA Lab Management No France Demonstration videos Dassault acquired Accelrys, Inc. on April 29, 2014.[11]
Data Systems Integration Group, Inc. RevolutionDx Yes United States
Data Unlimited International, Inc. Starfruit GeneTell, IdentiTrack, and Toxicology No United States
Datamine Software Ltd. CCLAS EL and CCLAS 6 Yes United Kingdom Demonstration videos
Dataworks Development, Inc. Freezerworks No United States Demonstration videos
Dedalus Healthcare Ltd. Dedalus LIMS Yes United Kingdom Pathology LIMS
Deutsche Telekom Healthcare Solutions Netherlands B.V. LMS, SymPathy Lifecare No Netherlands Acquired Finalist Software Noord Nederland C.V.
and LMS in January 2019.[12][13]
DHC Dr. Herterich & Consultants GmbH SAP QM No Germany
dialog EDV Systementwicklung GmbH diaLIMS No Germany
DiData, Inc. Di-LIMS No Switzerland
DIPOLE SARL DipLABO No France
Diversity Arrays Technology Pty. Ltd. DArT LIMS No Australia Demonstration videos
Dorner GmbH & Co. KG B/Lab, i/med Genetics, i/med Hygiene,
M/Lab, X/Lab 		No Germany
Drishti-Soft Solutions Pvt. Ltd. cLIMS No India
Dynamic Databases, LLC limsExpress Yes United States Demonstration videos
E-BiOnary Technologies Pvt. Ltd. e-BiOnary A, C, M, and D Yes India Demonstration videos
EffiChem s.r.o. EffiChem Yes Czech Republic Demonstration videos
Elysia-raytest GmbH Argus RPS, SARA No Germany Specializes in radiopharmaceutical LIMS.
ElmTree Systems, LLC ElmTree System No United States
Elmwood Solutions, Inc. Pure Harvest Yes United States LIMS-like seed lab software
Enable IT Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Ensō-LIMS No India Demonstration videos
entimo AG PhaLIMS No Germany
EthoSoft, Inc. X-LIMS No United States Pricing
Eusoft Srl EuSoft.Lab Yes Italy Demonstration videos
Fink & Partner GmbH [FP]-LIMS No Germany Demonstration videos Former product was [Dia]
Forney, LP ForneyVault Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos
Frontier Science & Technology Research Foundation, Inc. LDMS Yes United States Demonstration videos
Future Technologies, Inc. DNA LIMS No United States
Genesis MicroSystems, Inc. LAB-2000 No United States
Genetic Technologies, Inc. eDNA LIMS No United States Pricing
Genetrics, Inc. GEN-LIMS No United Arab Emirates
Genial Genetic Solutions, Ltd. iGene, Shire No United Kingdom
GenoFAB, Inc. GenoFAB Yes United States Pricing Combination LIMS + ELN
Genosity, Inc. Integrated Genomic Toolkit Yes United States Genomics platform with a LIMS
GoInformatics, Inc. GoLIMS Yes United States Demonstration videos
GoMeyra Corporation GoMeyra LIMS Yes United States Demonstration videos
GQM mbH Qualifax LIMS No Germany
GTS Systems Private Limited GLab360, LabExpress Yes Egypt
H&A Scientific, Inc. SLIM No United States Screenshots
Hach Company Hach WIMS Yes United States, Germany Demonstration videos
Harris Systems USA, Inc. Forensic Advantage Yes United States Placed under Harris' Caliber Public Safety division.[14]
HM-Software HM-LAB No Germany
i2D Solution, Inc. i2DS LIMS No United States
iCD System GmbH LABS/Q, LABS/QM No Germany
Illumina, Inc. BaseSpace Clarity LIMS, Illumina LIMS Yes United States Demonstration videos
In-QM-Team Software GmbH WinLaisy No Europe Development taken over from inray Industriesoftware GmbH
in March 2019.[15]
Indusoft OOO I-LDS LIMS No Russia Demonstration videos
Infomed Kouvatsos Theodoros Ltd. Lab@link No Greece
Information Management Services, Inc. BSI, SEER*DMS Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos
InfoTrak Pty. Ltd. Oil Commander No Australia Previous product name was InfoTrak Oil.
Innovatics Ky InnoLIMS Yes Finland
Instem LSS Limited Provantis Yes United Kingdom
Instrumentos Científicos SA NevisLIMS Yes Spain Demonstration videos
IntaForensics Ltd. Lima Forensic Case Management No United Kingdom Pricing and demonstration videos Personal edition is free, but no other pricing.
Integrated Software Solutions Ltd. OMNI-Lab No Australia Absorbed Point of Care Solutions Pty. Ltd. and v-Lab in 2020.[16]
INTEGRIS LIMS GmbH iLIMS No Germany Pricing and demonstration videos Changed company name from CSS LIMS GmbH in March 2017.[17]
Interactive Software Limited Achiever Medical LIMS Yes United Kingdom
Interactive Technology Services, LLC LIMS IAL Yes United States
Interpec Corporation INQAS, INTRACES No United States
InterSystems Corporation TrakCare Lab No United States Demonstration videos
InVita Healthcare Technologies, Inc. STACS Casework, STACS Database Yes United States Acquired from STaCS DNA Inc. in May 2021.[18]
iVention BV iVentionLES Yes Netherlands Demonstration videos Marketed as a laboratory execution system with LIMS,
ELN, and SDMS functionality
J Street Technology, Inc. J Street LIMS No United States Pricing Formerly MSC-LIMS by Mountain States Consulting, LLC.
Jeganee Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Laboratory-On Yes India
JusticeTrax, Inc. LIMS-plus No United States Pricing
jwConsulting GmbH jwLIMS No Germany
Khemia Software, Inc. Omega 11 LIMS No United States Screenshots
Kriti Microsystems Pvt. Ltd. Kriti LIMS No India
KVANT spol. s r.o. Evidence No Slovakia
L7 Informatics, Inc. L7 ESP No United States Demonstration videos Enterprise science platform/workflow engine w/ a LIMS
LabCloud, Inc. LabCloud Yes United States
Labforward GmbH Labregister Yes Germany Integrates with company's ELN Labfolder
Labii, Inc. Labii ELN & LIMS Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos Combination ELN + LIMS
LabKey Corporation LabKey Biologics LIMS Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos
LabLite, LLC LabLite SQL LIMS No United States Pricing
LabLogic Systems Limited Debra, PETra No United Kingdom Demonstration videos
LabLynx, Inc. ELab Yes United States Pricing and Demonstration videos
LabMaster.pl Sp. z o.o. LabMaster LIMS Yes Poland
Labmin (Pty) Ltd. Labmin, Labmin Lite Yes South Africa Demonstration videos
LabPro 2000 Ltd. eQual Yes New Zealand
Labs Division SL OraLims 2000i and 3.0 Yes Spain Demonstration videos
Labsoft Tecnologia Ltda. myLIMS Yes Brazil Demonstration videos Not to be confused with Odysis SA's myLIMS product.
Labstudio (Pty) Ltd. Labstud.io LIMS Yes South Africa Pricing and screenshots
LABTrack, LLC LABTrack LIMS Yes United States EKM Corporation was previously a distributor of LABTrack.
LabVantage Solutions, Inc. LabVantage 8 Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos Products formerly called SAPPHIRE and SQL*LIMS.
LabWare, Inc. LabWare LIMS, LabWare GROW Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos
Labworks, LLC Labworks No United States Bought LABWORKS from PerkinElmer Inc. in May 2016.[19]
Lenava Engineering Group Ltd. Lenava LIMS Yes United Kingdom
LETEC SARL Tetraed LIMS No France
Lex Software Solutions Manage! Yes (customer request) Turkey Screenshots
LGC Limited Kraken No United Kingdom
LIMS at work GmbH Labmatica LIMS No Germany
lims+WARE lims+WARE/ASP, /Networks,
/Results, /UNIX 		No United States
Limseo SARL Solution Laboratoire No France
LIMSey, LLC LIMSey No United States
Locasoft SARL LIMS.FR Yes France Demonstration videos Product changed names in 2019 from Lims.net to LIMS.FR.
Logiq Innovations, Inc. LabPlus No Canada LabPlus formerly a product of LabPlus Technologies.
LogicaSoft SPRL Odoo LIMS Yes Belgium A LIMS built on open-source Odoo ERP
LTech Australia Pty. Ltd. Lims1 No Australia
Lyons Information Systems, Inc. LLMS Yes United States
M-Tech International, Inc. CAT2 LIMS No United States
Malvern Panalytical BV SPARCS No Netherlands Previously known as PANalytical BV.
MAQSIMA GmbH MAQSIMA LAB+ No Germany
Mci IT Pty. Ltd. Cloud Solutions Suite Yes South Africa Pricing and demonstration videos
MEDEORA GmbH BioArchive Yes Germany Pricing and demonstration videos Biobanking LIMS
Medpace, Inc. ClinTrak Lab No United States Clinical research LIMS
Megaware, Inc. LIAS No United States
Methodiq, LLC custom LIMS development No United States
Microcline Projects Labosaurus Yes Canada Pricing
ML Consulting Technologies, LLC WeLIMS Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos Free quality control LIMS for small labs
Modul-Bio SAS MBioLIMS No France
Motto Systems Pvt. Ltd. GMPPro LIMS Yes India Demonstration videos
Mukon Informatics (Pty) Ltd. Skylims No South Africa Formerly Mukon CC. LIS marketed as a LIMS.
Myfab Myfab LIMS No Sweden
National Agribusiness Technology Center USALIMS No United States Pricing
National Cancer Institute caLIMS No United States Pricing
Nexactly AI Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Nexactly LIMS No India
Nexix, Inc. Nexix LIMS Yes Canada Designed for PCR
Nippon Control System Corporation SimpDoc No Japan Discontinued SimpLabo in May or June 2018.
Still offering SimpDoc, per company.
Novatek International NOVA-LIMS No Canada
Oasis Infotech Pvt. Ltd. EnviroLIMS EWM, LIMZ-RD,
OasisLIMS, True-LIMZ CTL 		No India
Ocimum Biosolutions Ltd. Biotracker LIMS Yes India
Odysis SA myLIMS No Switzerland Not to be confused with Labsoft Tecnologia Limitada's myLIMS product.
Online LIMS Canada Limited OnLIMS No Canada
OnQ Software Pty. Ltd. QLIMS Yes Australia
Open-source software solution Bika LIMS N/A N/A See Bika Lab Systems (Pty) Ltd. for more info.
Open-source software solution caLIMS N/A N/A See National Cancer Institute for more info.
Open-source software solution ClinViro N/A N/A More information found on [project page].
Open-source software solution GNomEx N/A N/A More information found on SourceForge.net.
Open-source software solution GNU LIMS N/A N/A More information found on the project page.
Open-source software solution LAMA N/A N/A More information found on the project website.
Open-source software solution Leaf LIMS N/A N/A More information found on the project website.
Open-source software solution MetaLIMS N/A N/A More information found on the project website.
Open-source software solution Open-LIMS N/A N/A More information found on the project website.
Open-source software solution openBIS N/A N/A More information found on the project website.
Open-source software solution OpenELIS N/A N/A More information found on the project website.
Open-source software solution OpenSpecimen N/A N/A More information found on the Krishagni Solutions Pvt. Ltd. page.
Open-source software solution Screensaver HTS LIMS N/A N/A More information found on SourceForge.net.
Open-source software solution SMITH N/A N/A More information found on Bitbucket.
Open.Co Srl ProLab.Q Yes Italy
OPTIMAL SYSTEMS GmbH enaio Laboratory Content Center No Germany
Oracle Corporation Oracle Health Sciences
Clinical Development Analytics 		No United States
Orsyx eL@b No Israel Demonstration videos
Ovation.io, Inc. Ovation LIMS Yes United States Demonstration videos Company and product have undergone many name changes,
with "Ovation" the latest.
Oy Fision Ltd. Broadsight LIMS No Finland
Pardus d.o.o. eQMS::LIMS No Croatia
PDS Group Holding AG Ascentos Yes Switzerland Former products were PathData, ReproData, and ToxData.
pdv-software GmbH pdv-lims 3 No Germany
Persistent Systems Ltd. ChemLMS No India Acquired from Agilent.[20]
Pharmaceuticals Systems International, LLC PSI Yes U.S. Pricing and demonstration videos Cloud-based application suite that includes LIMS
Phylum SARL Phylum.Laboratoire No France
PiControl Solutions, LLC PiLims No United States
Polisystem Informatica Srl Analisi No Italy
Pondpol Group The rapid family of LIMS No Thailand Five LIMS-like solutions covering multiple industries
Porter Lee Corporation Crime Fighter BEAST No United States
Process Solutions Canada Limited LDMS No Canada
Prog4biz Software Solutions Ltd. BookitLab Yes Canada
Progeny Genetics, LLC Progeny Clinical Yes United States Pricing Some pricing available for Clinical.
Promadis Pty. Ltd. Caseman No Australia
Promium, LLC Element LIMS Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos
PRYM-SOFT Sp. z o.o. CleverLAB, PureLAB Yes Poland
PT Digita Scientia Indonesia OrbitaLIMS No Indonesia
QBench, Inc. QBench Yes United States Demonstration videos Transferred from Junction Concepts, Inc. in August 2022.
(Source: Personal correspondence)
QDA SOLUTIONS GmbH QDA LIMS No Germany
Qualitype GmbH Abetter LIMS No Germany
QUALIMS SARL QUALIMS No France
Quality Systems International Corporation WinLIMS Yes United States
Quartz Imaging Corporation Quartz LA-, FA-, and RE-LIMS No Canada
Raddec International Ltd. Raddec-LIMS No United Kingdom Demonstration videos
Realistic Computing, Inc. eData Specialty LIMS No United States
Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory LIMS for Lasers,
LIMS for Light Stable Isotopes 		No United States Pricing The RSIL is part of the U.S. Geological Survey.
Revol Software Solutions, LLC Revol LIMS Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos
RHAPSODY Software Solutions GmbH RHAPSODY LIMS No Germany Officially changed name from Softwaresysteme Keeve GmbH in February 2018.[21][22]
RJ Lee Solutions, LLC THEMIS No United States
RockStep Solutions, Inc. Climb Yes United States Demonstration videos
S.G. Systems, LLC V5 Traceability No United States Manufacturing traceability software system with a LIMS module
Sapio Sciences, LLC Sapio Bioanalytical LIMS, Clinical
LIMS, Histopathology LIMS, NGS LIMS,
Research LIMS, and Stability LIMS 		Yes United States Demonstration videos
Satya Sistemas Ltda. Flux2 No Brazil
Scigilian Software, Inc. Scigilian Yes United States
ScienTek Software, Inc. iStability LIMS No United States LIMS designed for pharmaceutical stability testing programs
and stability test management
Semaphore Solutions, Inc. Labbit, custom LIMS development No Canada
Sempai Consulting Ltd. & Co. KG scarabPLUS No Germany A pharmaceutical ERP that fully integrates a LIMS
Shimadzu Corporation LIMSsolution No Japan
Siemens AG Formulated Product Design, SIMATIC IT Unilab No Germany
Sigmen Technologies Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Sigma LIMS No India
Simploud Limited Simplab No Israel Pricing and demonstration videos Salesforce-based LIMS
SLCLAB Informática SL ALFA21, Zendo LIMS Yes Spain Pricing and demonstration videos
Sofcom (Private) Limited Spectrum No Pakistan
Soft Computer Consultants, Inc. SoftLIMS Yes United States
Software for Life Sciences BV LabScores No Netherlands Demonstration videos
Software Point Oy LabVantage Medical Suite,
Enterprise, and Express 		Yes Finland Acquired by LABVANTAGE in April 2011.[23] C5 LIMS was renamed to
"LABVANTAGE Medical Suite" in December 2012.[24] Former products:
TasteBOSS and WilabLIMS
Sorenson Forensics, LLC eDNA LIMS No United States Forensic LIMS
SpecPage AG SpecLIMS No Switzerland Previously known as Object Solutions Software AG.[25][26]
Spectra QEST Australia Pty. Ltd. QESTField, QESTLab No Australia
StackWave, LLC StackWave Affinity LIMS Yes United States
Stanford University School of Medicine MendeLIMS No United States
STARLIMS Corporation STARLIMS Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos Formerly Abbot Informatics Corporation.
Stelsel Software Technologies Pvt. Ltd. NABL LIMS No India
TechWare Incorporated Logbook Discovery,
TechWare MainTrac 		No United States
Telesphorus Consulting Ltd. gemLIMS Yes United Kingdom
The Edge Software Consultancy Ltd. BioRails LIMS Yes United Kingdom Pricing and demonstration videos
Thermo Fisher Scientific Core LIMS, Nautilus, SampleManager, Watson Yes United States Demonstration videos
Third Wave Analytics, Inc. Lockbox LIMS Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos
Title21 Health Solutions, Inc. Cellular Therapy Solution No United States Demonstration videos A LIMS with a focus on cellular therapy
Trace First Ltd. CoreOne for Labs Yes Ireland
TraxStar Technologies, Inc. QATrax LIMS No United States Demonstration videos
Tribal Software, Inc. LIMS Lyte, Tribal-LIMS No United States
Triestram & Partner GmbH lisa.lims No Germany
Trilogy Group Limited TAPS No United Kingdom
TRUST Infotech Electronics, LLC TRUST LIMS No United Arab Emirates
TQ Technology Pvt. Ltd. TQLIMS No India
Uncountable, Inc. Uncountable Yes United States Demonstration videos LIMS- and ELN-like platform for chemical R&D
U.S. EPA Scribe No United States Pricing
up to data sales and services GmbH up2Lims No Germany
Valdata Systems USA, Inc. Chemical Management System Yes United States Demonstration videos Suite of modules, including a LIMS, for manufacturing
Veeva Systems, Inc. Vault LIMS Yes United States
Venture Development, LLC GoRev Yes United States Health information system with LIMS/LIS
Verisis A.S. CLIMS No Turkey Forensic LIMS
VertiQ Software, LLC CME-LIMS No United States Forensic LIMS
Vette EDV-Beratung & Entwicklung GmbH TransGraph No Germany Quality management software with a LIMS module
Waters Corporation NuGenesis 8 No United States Pricing and demonstration videos NuGenesis 8 is a data management and workflow package
of applications, including NuGenesis Sample Management.[27]
Wavefront Software, Inc. Wavefront LIMS Yes United States Demonstration videos
WESTcom Logiciels et Services SARL ARES No France
WireWorks West, Inc. FermWorks No United States Formerly operated as Jova Solutions Inc.
Wixon and Cross, LLC LIMFinite Yes United States
Wolfe Information Systems, Inc. Wolfe LIMS No United States Pricing
Xybion Corporation Labwise XD, Pristima XD Yes United States Pricing and demonstration videos Pre-clinical LIMS solutions
Yokogawa Electric Corporation OpreX, CIMVisionLIMS No Japan
Yro Systems Pvt. Ltd. MocDoc LIMS No India
Yullin Technologies Co., Ltd. LabMate Enterprise No South Korea


4.2 Consultants

These consultancies seem to focus primarily on helping others plan, choose, and implement an informatics system for the laboratory, though they may offer other services to laboratories, such as computer system validation (CSV), project management, and workflow development. (The location represents the entity's headquarters.)

Vendor Headquarters Key services Services page
A Byte of Advice, Inc. Fairfield, IL, U.S. "We provide project management, system development, code modification, support and training";
experience with LabVantage and PerkinElmer products 		Services page
A2LA Workplace Training Frederick, MD, U.S. LIMS, quality management systems, regulatory compliance assessments, process and risk management, etc. Services page
ABB Ltd. Zurich, Switzerland Provides an expansive set of services. Services page
Accenture PLC Dublin, Ireland Laboratory informatics, LIMS, LIS, ELN, data analytics, managed services, etc. Services page
AKKA Technologies Group Brussels, Belgium Information technology, engineering, clinical data management, regulatory affairs and compliance, etc. Services page
Astrix, Inc. Red Bank, NJ, U.S. "Astrix’s core competency is to assist organizations in the development and implementation of data
management strategies to enhance the collection, processing, analysis and reporting of scientific data." 		Services page
Avellana Learning Oy Vantaa, Finland LIMS, LIS, and ELN implementation; open-source software implementation; software validation; quality control Services page
BC Solutions, LLC Phoenix, AZ, U.S. LIS implementation, interface testing and validation, project management and consulting,
data conversion/migration 		Services page
BGASoft, Inc. dba LIMS ABC Fort Lauderdale, FL, U.S. Business analysis, lab process improvement, enterprise and cloud architecture, LIMS implementation, etc. Services page
Bika Lab Systems (Pty) Ltd. Western Cape, South Africa LIMS requirement analysis, design, customization, configuration, and testing; training; project management, etc. Services page
Bottom Line Consulting, LLC Endwell, NY, U.S. Labware products, user requirements specifications, vendor selection, project management Services page
Brevitas Consulting, Inc. Sacramento, CA, U.S. Labware products, LIMS implementation; project management; quality assurance, etc. Services page
C4 Database Management, Inc. Port Orchard, WA, U.S. LIS administration, LIS integrity, data integrity, database installation and migration Services page
Chemtech Servicos de Engenharia e Software Ltda. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Manufacturing execution systems, SCADA, automation, cyber security, etc. Services page
Clarity Compliance Solutions Limited Chepstow, Wales LIMS, system validation, data integrity, process mapping, vendor selection, etc. Services page
Clarkston Consulting Durham, NC, U.S. LIMS, data integrity, process mapping, vendor selection, quality management, project management etc. Services page
Clevr Newstead, QLD, Australia Laboratory process and technology consultations, custom LIMS development Services page
Clinical Lab Consulting, LLC Dublin, OH, U.S. Provides a wide range of services "to all types of clinical laboratories including governmental, academia,
hospital, reference and physician office laboratories." 		Services page
Clinical Laboratory Consultants dba Medical Source Marietta, GA, U.S. "Medical Source offers experience, guidance, and unmatched expertise in the physician office and
independent reference laboratory." 		Services page
Cosine Consultants Ltd. Strovolos, Cyprus Software customization, data management system consulting, Fission LIMS, etc. Services page
CSols, Inc. Newark, DE, U.S. Laboratory informatics strategic services, ELN and LIMS implementation, computer system validation, and
laboratory vendor-specific technologies 		Services page
Digital Lab Consulting Ltd. London, U.K. LIMS, LIS, and ELN implementation; computer system validation; business case development;
requirements definition; project management; vendor selection; etc. 		Services page
e-Science Solutions Ltd Whittington, U.K. Information technology, business case development, requirements definition, vendor selection, etc. Services page
EM2 Solutions, Inc. dba Labtopia Houston, TX, U.S. Laboratory informatics strategic services, LIMS implementation, computer system validation,
quality management systems, training, and staffing 		Services page
EquixTech Madrid, Spain LIMS selection, implementation, and change management; manufacturing execution systems;
automation; industrial internet of things 		Services page
Fructeam SARL Paris, France eLearning tools, clinical trial management systems, LIMS, ELN, SDMS, SAP Services page
HPFM, Inc. Pacifica, CA, U.S. LIMS selection, implementation, and change management; computer system validation; quality
management systems, etc. 		Services page
iConnect Consulting, Inc. San Francisco, CA, U.S. LIMS implementation and validation; computer system validation; HL7 electronic communication, training Services page
IMCOR GmbH Filderstadt, Germany LIMS selection and implementation, computer system validation, business process analysis and optimization Services page
InfoWiz Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea LIMS, LES, ELN, SDMS, and quality management system selection and implementation; system integration Services page
Kainos Healthcare Solutions, LLC Richmond, VA, U.S. Laboratory informatics, LIMS, LIS, EHR, EMR, quality control, procurement and implementation,
custom development; they also offer a laboratory quality management solution, eQCo 		Services page
Kalleid, Inc. Cambridge, MA, U.S. "We work across the value chain in R&D, clinical and quality areas to deliver support services for software
implementations in highly complex, multi-site organizations." 		Services page
Lab Insights, LLC Carlsbad, CA, U.S. Laboratory informatics, computer system validation, vendor assessment, HIPAA audits and training,
quality assurance, process improvement, etc. 		Services page
LabMetrics, LLC Ishpeming, MI, U.S. Laboratory informatics, automation, instrumentation, compliance and auditing, quality assurance, etc. Services page
Laboratory Advisory Bureau, LLC McAllen, TX, U.S. Clinical laboratory informatics, LIS, quality assurance, compliance and auditing, workflow management, etc. Services page
Laboratory Systems Consulting Celbridge, Ireland Laboratory and scientific informatics, 21 CFR Part 11, project management, etc. Services page
LIMS4U Bedworth, England Laboratory informatics, LIMS Services page
LIMSCON Vienna, Austria Laboratory informatics, LIMS, ELN, CDMS, document management, training, project management,
computer system validation, etc. 		Services page
LUFC LabConsultants Mierlo, The Netherlands Laboratory informatics, LIMS, ELN, CDMS, SDMS, vendor selection, computer system validation,
workflows, project management, lab management, etc. 		Services page
Nichols Management Group Ltd. York Harbor, ME, U.S. Clinical laboratory informatics, system assessment, implementation, and integration;
project management; workflow management, etc. 		Services page
NNIT A/S Søborg, Denmark Laboratory informatics; system assessment, implementation, and integration;
system validation; project management; workflow management; etc. 		Services page
Nous Labautomation Support Mariaheide, Netherlands Laboratory process, automation, and regulation assistance; project management;
LIMS, ELN, CDS, and document management system implementation 		Services page
NXG Group, Inc. Chennai, India Laboratory informatics, LIMS, testing and validation, system integration management,
business consulting, etc. 		Services page
Orbis Labsystems Ltd. Dublin, Ireland Laboratory informatics, LIMS, quality assurance, system integration management, automation, etc. Services page
OSTHUS GmbH Aachen, Germany Laboratory informatics, LIMS, system integration management, business consulting, etc. Services page
prime4services GmbH Karlsruhe, Germany LIMS, project management, vendor selection, quality management and validation, etc. Services page
PQE Group Florence, Italy Laboratory informatics, LIMS, laboratory instrument management, method validation, project management, etc. Services page
RC Inspection Group Rotterdam, Netherlands Laboratory informatics, LIMS, data analysis, automation, etc. Services page
RevereIT, LLC Sterling, VA, U.S. LIMS, system integration management, system validation, method development and validation,
data migration, vendor selection, etc. 		Services page
Sagit Solutions Ltd. Wan Chai, Hong Kong LIMS, implementation management, cloud management, vendor selection, etc. Services page
Scimcon Limited Newmarket, Suffolk, U.K. Laboratory informatics, LIMS, ELN, CDS, SDMS, instrument management, project management Services page
Semaphore Solutions, Inc. Victoria, B.C., Canada Laboratory informatics, LIMS, BaseSpace Clarity LIMS, workflow development, genomics Services page
Sequence, Inc. Morrisville, NC, U.S. Laboratory informatics, LIMS, ELN, CDS, SDMS, data architecture analysis, data analytics Services page
Shaw Informatics Ltd. Horsham, West Sussex, U.K. Laboratory informatics, LIMS, LES, ELN, process mapping, requirements analysis, project management,
vendor selection, deployment strategy, knowledge management solutions, training 		Services page
Silver Lining Informatics, LLC Brooklyn, NY, U.S. Laboratory informatics, LIMS, LES, ELN, Labware products, STARLIMS products, LabVantage products,
workflow development, reporting, project management, training 		Services page
Solution4Labs Sp. z o.o. Białystok, Poland Laboratory informatics, LIMS, ELN, custom development, Thermo Scientific products,
Agaram Technologies products, etc. 		Services page
SoftNLabs SpA Croix, France Laboratory informatics, LIMS, ELN, LES, SDMS, ERP, CRM, project management, software validation Services page
Techsol Corporation Princeton, NJ, U.S. LIMS, QMS, MES, regulatory affairs, clinical development, software validation, analytics, etc. Services page
Validation Systems, Inc. Palo Alto, CA, U.S. Laboratory informatics, microbiological and chemistry services, quality management systems,
computer system validation, etc. 		Services page
Verista Fishers, IN, U.S. Laboratory informatics, LIMS, ELN, CDS, laboratory compliance assessments, computer system validation,
project management, etc. 		Services page
wega Informatik AG Basel, Switzerland LIMS, data management systems design and implementation, clinical trial management systems,
and electronic data capture for life and chemical sciences 		Services page


4.3 Professional

4.3.1 Trade organizations

4.3.2 Conferences and trade shows

4.4 LIMSpec

LIMSpec.png

LIMSpec is an ever-evolving set of software user requirements specifications for laboratory informatics systems. The specification has grown significantly from its humble origins over a decade ago. Earlier versions of LIMSpec focused on a mix of both regulatory requirements and clients' "wishlist" features for a given system. The wishlist items haven't necessarily been ignored by developers, but they do in fact have to be prioritized by the potential buyer as "nice to have" or "essential to system operation," or something in between.[28][29][30] This latest version is different, focusing strictly on a regulatory-, standards-, and guidance-based approach to building a specification document for laboratory informatics systems.

At its core, LIMSpec is rooted in ASTM E1578-18 Standard Guide for Laboratory Informatics. With the latest version released in 2018, the standard includes an updated Laboratory Informatics Functional Requirements checklist, which "covers functionality common to the various laboratory informatics systems discussed throughout [the] guide as well as requirements recommended as part of [the] guide." It goes on to state that the checklist "is an example of typical requirements that can be used to guide the purchase, upgrade, or development of a laboratory informatics system," though it is certainly "not meant to be exhaustive."

LIMSpec borrows from that requirements checklist and then adds more to it from a wide variety of sources. An attempt has been made to find the most relevant regulations, standards, and guidance that shape how a compliant laboratory informatics system is developed and maintained. However, the LIMSpec should also definitely be considered a continual work in progress, with more to be added as new pertinent regulations, standards, and guidance are discovered.

If you've never worked with a user requirements specification document, the concept remains relatively simple to grasp. Merriam-Webster defines a "specification" as "a detailed precise presentation of something or of a plan or proposal for something."[31] Within this organized "plan or proposal" are requirements. A requirement typically comes in the form of a statement that begins with "the system/user/vendor shall/should ..." and focuses on a provided service, reaction to input, or expected behavior in a given situation. The statement may be abstract (high-level), or it may be specific and detailed to a precise function. The statement may also be of a functional nature, describing functionality or services in detail, or of a non-functional nature, describing the constraints of a given functionality or service and how it's rendered.

An example of a functional software requirement could be "the user shall be able to query either all of the initial set of databases or select a subset from it." This statement describes specific functionality the system should have. On the other hand, a non-functional requirement, for example, may state "the system's query tool shall conform to the ABC 123-2014 standard." The statement describes a constraint placed upon the system's query functionality. Once compiled, a set of requirements can serve not only to strengthen the software requirements specification, but the requirements set can also be used for bidding on a contract or serve as the basis for a specific contract that is being finalized.[32]

The next chapter discusses the user requirements specification, using LIMSpec as an example. You'll learn how to shape such a specification to your laboratory's needs, how to issue the specification as a request for information (RFI), and how to get the most out of it when getting decision-related information from vendors. Additionally, in Appendix 1, you'll find a blank version of LIMSpec for practical use.

References

  1. ↑ "Datamine Acquires Intelligent Mining Solutions (IMS)". Datamine Software Ltd. 27 August 2019. http://www.dataminesoftware.com/2019/08/27/datamine-acquires-ims/. Retrieved 28 September 2019. 
  2. ↑ "Agilent Technologies Completes Asset Acquisition of iLab Solutions, a Leader in Cloud-Based Laboratory Management Software". Agilent Technologies, Inc. 1 August 2016. http://www.agilent.com/about/newsroom/presrel/2016/01aug-gp16015.html. Retrieved 20 April 2017. 
  3. ↑ Barraud, E. (2 May 2018). "US group Agilent enters EPFL Innovation Park by acquiring Genohm". EPFL News. École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne. https://actu.epfl.ch/news/us-group-agilent-enters-epfl-innovation-park-by-ac/. Retrieved 15 May 2018. 
  4. ↑ "Genohm SA closes its sale to Agilent Technologies Ltd". Kellerhals Carrard. 14 May 2018. https://www.kellerhals-carrard.ch/fr/genohm-sa-closes-its-sale-to-agilent-technologies-ltd-_content---1--8--460.html. Retrieved 15 May 2018. 
  5. ↑ "Autoscribe launches US operation". American Laboratory. CompareNetworks, Inc. 20 March 2012. http://www.americanlaboratory.com/Specialty/Forensics/617-News/37427-Autoscribe-launches-US-operation/. Retrieved 19 January 2016. 
  6. ↑ Bentley Systems, Inc (13 May 2019). "Bentley Systems Announces the Acquisition of Keynetix, Provider of Geotechnical Data Management Cloud Services". PR Newswire. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bentley-systems-announces-the-acquisition-of-keynetix-provider-of-geotechnical-data-management-cloud-services-300848796.html. Retrieved 25 October 2020. 
  7. ↑ "BioData Launches Labguru, a Collaborative Research Management Web Application for Academic Labs". Digital Science. Macmillan Publishers Limited. 5 December 2011. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120510070908/http://www.digital-science.com/biodata-launches-labguru/. Retrieved 19 January 2016. 
  8. ↑ "MEDICAL INFORMATION PROFESSIONAL SYSTEMS, AFGEKORT : MIPS NV". Moniteur Belge. 9 September 2022. http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_tsv/tsv_rech.pl?language=nl&btw=0428149981&liste=Liste. Retrieved 23 January 2023. 
  9. ↑ "Medical Information Professional System - Benaming, Statuten (Vertaling, coordinatie, overige wijzigingen)" (PDF). Moniteur Belge. 7 September 2022. https://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/tsv_pdf/2022/09/09/22356749.pdf. Retrieved 23 January 2023. 
  10. ↑ "Articles of Amendment of Sunquest Information Systems, Inc" (PDF). Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 31 May 2022. https://ecorp.azcc.gov/CommonHelper/GetFilingDocuments?barcode=22053110494530. Retrieved 23 January 2023. 
  11. ↑ "Dassault Systèmes Successfully Completes Acquisition of Accelrys". Dassault Systèmes SA. 29 April 2014. http://www.3ds.com/press-releases/single/dassault-systemes-successfully-completes-acquisition-of-accelrys/. Retrieved 04 September 2014. 
  12. ↑ Toet, D. (19 January 2019). "Telekom Healthcare lijft Finalist Noord Nederland in". Computable. https://www.computable.nl/artikel/nieuws/datamanagement/6549711/250449/telekom-healthcare-lijft-finalist-noord-nederland-in.html. Retrieved 17 October 2019. 
  13. ↑ "Finalist Noord Nederland B.V. gaat verder onder de naam Deutsche Telekom Healthcare". Finalist Software Noord Nederland C.V. http://www.finalistsoftware.com/?id=57. Retrieved 17 October 2019. 
  14. ↑ "Forensic Advantage Systems has moved!". Harris Systems USA, Inc. https://caliberpublicsafety.com/forensic-advantage-redirect/. Retrieved 02 October 2021. 
  15. ↑ "Das QM-Team nimmt die Arbeit auf und übernimmt das LIMS WinLaisy". MobileWorld.today. Business.today network GmbH & Co KG. 15 April 2019. http://www.mobileworld.today/das-qm-team-nimmt-die-arbeit-auf-und-uebernimmt-das-lims-winlaisy/. Retrieved 15 April 2019. 
  16. ↑ "Point of Care Solutions". Point of Care Solutions Pty. Ltd. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200118085822/http://www.pocsolutions.net/. Retrieved 06 November 2020. 
  17. ↑ "Umfirmierung der CSS LIMS GmbH". INTEGRIS LIMS GmbH. 2 March 2017. https://www.ilims.de/news/detail/konsequente-strategie-umfirmierung-der-css-lims-gmbh/. Retrieved 18 October 2017. 
  18. ↑ Nobile, J. (18 May 2021). "Riverside acquires STACS DNA for InVita platform". Crain's. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210518230623/https://www.crainscleveland.com/finance/riverside-acquires-stacs-dna-invita-platform. Retrieved 02 March 2022. 
  19. ↑ "LABWORKS LIMS Acquired from PerkinElmer by Labworks LLC – Future Never Looked Brighter". BusinessWire. Business Wire, Inc. 11 May 2016. http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160511005343/en/LABWORKS-LIMS-Acquired-PerkinElmer-Labworks-LLC-%E2%80%93. Retrieved 02 June 2016. 
  20. ↑ "Persistent system to acquire french software business of Agilent Technologies". The Economic Times. 31 May 2011. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-05-31/news/29604386_1_persistent-systems-life-sciences-anand-deshpande. Retrieved 10 April 2013. 
  21. ↑ "RHAPSODY Software Solutions GmbH, Ibbenbüren". Cylex. S.C Cylex Tehnologia Informatiei International S.N.C. https://web2.cylex.de/firma-home/rhapsody-software-solutions-gmbh-1447434.html. Retrieved 15 January 2019. 
  22. ↑ "Softwaresysteme Keeve GmbH". online-handelregister.de. Registeranzeiger GmbH. https://www.online-handelsregister.de/handelsregisterauszug/nw/Steinfurt/S/Softwaresysteme+Keeve+GmbH/1798127. Retrieved 15 January 2019. 
  23. ↑ "LABVANTAGE Acquires Long-Time Partner Software Point". LABVANTAGE Solutions, Inc. 5 April 2011. http://www.labvantage.com/newsroom/index.php/2011/04/labvantage-acquires-long-time-partner-software-point/. Retrieved 2 January 2012. 
  24. ↑ "Software Point - News". Software Point Oy. 21 December 2012. http://www.softwarepoint.com/news.html. Retrieved 10 April 2013. 
  25. ↑ "Object Solutions". SpecPage plc. Archived from the original on 15 August 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150815162117/https://www.objectsolutions.eu/. Retrieved 27 July 2016. 
  26. ↑ "Press". SpecPage plc. Archived from the original on 10 July 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160710173713/https://www.specpage.com/about-us/press/#002845730ff39021e. Retrieved 27 July 2016. 
  27. ↑ "NuGenesis 8 Featuring LE Technologies" (PDF). Waters Corporation. http://www.waters.com/webassets/cms/library/docs/720003597en.pdf. Retrieved 20 April 2013. 
  28. ↑ Aasem, M.; Ramzan, M.; Jaffar, A. (2010). "Analysis and optimization of software requirements prioritization techniques". Proceedings from the 2010 International Conference on Information and Emerging Technologies: 1–6. doi:10.1109/ICIET.2010.5625687. 
  29. ↑ Hirsch, J. (22 November 2013). "10 Steps To Successful Requirements Gathering". Phase2 Technology, LLC. https://www.phase2technology.com/blog/successful-requirements-gathering. Retrieved 07 December 2022. 
  30. ↑ Burris, E. (2007). "Requirements Specification". CS451R, University of Missouri–Kansas City. University of Missouri–Kansas City. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190724173601/http://sce2.umkc.edu/BIT/burrise/pl/requirements/. Retrieved 07 December 2022. 
  31. ↑ "specification". Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, Inc. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/specification. Retrieved 07 December 2022. 
  32. ↑ Memon, A. (Spring 2010). "Software Requirements: Descriptions and specifications of a system" (PDF). University of Maryland. https://www.cs.umd.edu/~atif/Teaching/Spring2010/Slides/3.pdf. Retrieved 07 December 2022. 
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